American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Volume 32, Issue 1 , Pages 1-7 , January 2011

A systematic algorithm for the management of lower lip asymmetry

  • Robin W. Lindsay, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Department of Surgery Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA. Tel.: +1 617 573 3641; fax: +1 617 573 3727.
    • ,
  • Colin Edwards, BA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Chris Smitson, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Mack L. Cheney, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Tessa A. Hadlock, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Received 20 May 2009

References 

  1. Rubin LR. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974;53:384–387
  2. Conley J, Baker DC, Selfe RW. Paralysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;70:569–577
  3. Spector GJ, Matsuba HM, Killeen TE, et al. Fascial pulley: cross-commissure lip reanimation for inferior division facial nerve paralysis. Laryngoscope. 1986;96:102–105
  4. Spira M. Anastomosis of masseteric nerve to lower division of facial nerve for correction of lower facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978;64:330–334
  5. Tan ST. Anterior belly of digastric muscle transfer: a useful technique in head and neck surgery. Head Neck. 2002;24:947–954
  6. Terzis JK, Kalantarian B. Microsurgical strategies in 74 patients for restoration of dynamic depressor muscle mechanism: a neglected target in facial reanimation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105:1917–1931[discussion 1932-1914]
  7. Breslow GD, Cabiling D, Kanchwala S, et al. Selective marginal mandibular neurectomy for treatment of the marginal mandibular lip deformity in patients with chronic unilateral facial palsies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116:1223–1232
  8. Chen CK, Tang YB. Myectomy and botulinum toxin for paralysis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: a series of 76 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:1859–1864
  9. Clark RP, Berris CE. Botulinum toxin: a treatment for facial asymmetry caused by facial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;84:353–355
  10. Godwin Y, Tomat L, Manktelow R. The use of local anesthetic motor block to demonstrate the potential outcome of depressor labii inferioris resection in patients with facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116:957–961
  11. Hussain G, Manktelow RT, Tomat LR. Depressor labii inferioris resection: an effective treatment for marginal mandibular nerve paralysis. Br J Plast Surg. 2004;57:502–510
  12. Tulley P, Webb A, Chana JS, et al. Paralysis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: treatment options. Br J Plast Surg. 2000;53:378–385

☆ Presented at the XI International Facial Nerve Symposium, Rome, Italy April 25–28, 2009.

PII: S0196-0709(09)00166-5

doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.08.011

American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Volume 32, Issue 1 , Pages 1-7 , January 2011

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